| 0 | | Feast of St. Nicholas, Patron of Bari, Sailors, New York City, and the Hellenic Navy |
| 1060 | | Coronation of King Béla I of Hungary (1060-1063) |
| 1642 | | Battle of Tadcaster: Inconclusive clash between Lord Fairfax's Roundheads and the Earl of Newcastle's Cavaliers |
| 1648 | | Pride's Purge: Military coup by Col. Pride of the New Model Army ousts moderates from Parliament, to insure the execution of King Charles I of England |
| 1704 | | Battle Of Chamkaur: Heavily outnumbered Sikhs are utterly defeated by a Mogul Army |
| 1745 | | Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobite army retreated from Derby -- Learn More |
| 1830 | | US Naval Observatory established under Lt Louis Malesherbes |
| 1846 | | Col. Col. Alexander W. Doniphan departed Santa Fe on an expedition into northern Mexico -- Learn More |
| 1864 | | Battle of Deveaux's Neck, SC |
| 1865 | | The XIII Amendment is declared ratified, abolishing slavery |
| 1912 | | First underwater submarine torpedo attack: Greeksub 'Deflin' misses Turkish cruiser 'Medjidije' at 500m |
| 1914 | | The Germans capture Lodz |
| 1915 | | Dedication of the statue of Joan of Arc in Central Park |
| 1917 | | Finland declares independence from Russia |
| 1917 | | Ammunition ship 'Mont Blanc' explodes in Halifax harbor, at least 1,700 die |
| 1921 | | the Anglo-Irish treaty ended British rule in most of Ireland -- Learn More |
| 1941 | | FDR appeals to Emperor Hirohito to help preserve peace, as the US Navy orders outlying bases to destroy codes and secret documents |
| 1941 | | asked by a journalist if Japan might initiate war, Adm. Husband Kimmel replied, "No young man, I don't think they'd be such damned fools," later that evening the Japanese First Air Fleet arrived at 31 N, 158 W at, c. 550 miles north of Pearl Harbor |
| 1942 | | Munda: U.S. bombers hit Japanese airbase site |
| 1942 | | Papua: U.S. artillery employs "time on target" for the first time, at Buna |
| 1942 | | RAF bombs Philips factory in the Netherlands, 150 die |
| 1943 | | Burma: Allies cancel major amphibious operation |
| 1992 | | Hindu radicals demolish the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India (formerly a Hindu shrine), leading to riots that cause c. 1,500 deaths |
| 1285 | | King Ferdinand IV "El Emplazado -- the Summoned" of Castile (1295-1312) and of León and Galicia (1301-1312). |
| 1421 | | King Henry VI of England (1422-61 and Oct 30 1470-Apr 11, 1471) and France (1422-1453), executed 1471 |
| 1478 | | Baldassar Castiglione, soldier, diplomat, courtier, "the most perfect gentleman," d. 1529 |
| 1531 | | Vespasiano II Gonzaga, Count of Fondi (1570-1591), Condottiero |
| 1608 | | George Monck, English soldier and admiral, the Duke of Albemarle, d. 1670 |
| 1757 | | David Baird, later General Sir David Baird, Baronet, GCB, d. 1829 -- Learn More |
| 1792 | | William Frederick George Louis, not wholly inept soldier, King William II of the Netherlands (1840-1849) |
| 1809 | | Stephen Thomas, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903 |
| 1810 | | Robert Cornelis Napier, later Field Marshal Baron Napier of Magdala, d. 1890 -- Learn More |
| 1816 | | Henry Eustace McCulloch, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895 |
| 1831 | | Joshua Woodrow Sill, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 |
| 1833 | | Col. John Singleton Mosby, Confederate Partisan Ranger -- "The Gray Ghost," d. 1916 |
| 1841 | | Jean Frédéric Bazille, French artist and volunteer Zouave, was killed in action in 1870 -- Learn More |
| 1849 | | August von Mackensen, field marshal, the Kaiser's best commander, Hitler's useful stooge, d. 1945 |
| 1871 | | Archibald Armar Montgomery-Massingberd, bonehead British soldier and Chief of the Imperial General Staff, d. 1947 -- Learn More |
| 1886 | | Joyce Kilmer, soldier poet, kia with the Fighting 69th, 1918 -- Learn More |
| 1917 | | Dean Hess, USAF "Flying Preacher" with 300 combat missions |
| 1185 | | King Afonso I "the Conqueror" of Portugal (1143-85), at 76 |
| 1352 | | Pope Clement VI - Pierre Roger (1342-1352), c. 62 |
| 1672 | | John II Casimir, King of of Poland and Grand Duke of LIthuania (1648-1672), at 63 |
| 1889 | | Jefferson F Davis, sometime soldier, SecWar, President of the soi disant Confederate States of America(1861-1865), at 80 -- Learn More |
| 1892 | | Werner von Siemens, German artillery officer, electrician, at 75 |